Figure 1 - School Leavers by Education Level, 1990-2024 (in Thousands) The source is located after the table
| |
Some High School |
Secondary and Some Postsecondary |
College |
University |
Total |
| 1990 |
60 |
81 |
95 |
116 |
353 |
| 1991 |
58 |
83 |
93 |
120 |
355 |
| 1992 |
49 |
86 |
94 |
127 |
356 |
| 1993 |
48 |
85 |
100 |
130 |
363 |
| 1994 |
47 |
92 |
100 |
134 |
373 |
| 1995 |
41 |
97 |
112 |
134 |
385 |
| 1996 |
39 |
96 |
117 |
133 |
386 |
| 1997 |
41 |
96 |
118 |
129 |
383 |
| 1998 |
41 |
97 |
121 |
126 |
386 |
| 1999 |
41 |
98 |
124 |
128 |
391 |
| 2000 |
41 |
100 |
141 |
128 |
410 |
| 2001 |
40 |
101 |
142 |
124 |
407 |
| 2002 |
45 |
104 |
148 |
127 |
424 |
| 2003 |
51 |
109 |
154 |
133 |
447 |
| 2004 |
51 |
103 |
154 |
141 |
449 |
| 2005 |
46 |
102 |
149 |
141 |
437 |
| 2006 |
49 |
100 |
150 |
147 |
446 |
| 2007 |
51 |
101 |
150 |
158 |
460 |
| 2008 |
49 |
105 |
151 |
150 |
456 |
| 2009 |
43 |
108 |
160 |
156 |
467 |
| 2010 |
40 |
110 |
164 |
153 |
467 |
| 2011 |
39 |
110 |
170 |
156 |
474 |
| 2012 |
40 |
109 |
172 |
161 |
481 |
| 2013 |
32 |
109 |
162 |
176 |
478 |
| 2014 |
35 |
104 |
162 |
183 |
484 |
| 2015 |
32 |
104 |
165 |
190 |
491 |
| 2016 |
30 |
104 |
168 |
194 |
495 |
| 2017 |
29 |
104 |
169 |
194 |
495 |
| 2018 |
27 |
104 |
169 |
195 |
496 |
| 2019 |
26 |
105 |
170 |
197 |
498 |
| 2020 |
26 |
106 |
171 |
197 |
500 |
| 2021 |
26 |
107 |
174 |
198 |
505 |
| 2022 |
27 |
108 |
176 |
199 |
510 |
| 2023 |
27 |
110 |
179 |
199 |
515 |
| 2024 |
28 |
111 |
183 |
199 |
521 |
Sources: Statistics Canada (historical) and ESDC 2015 COPS projections
Return at position of Figure 1 - School Leavers by Education Level, 1990-2024 (in thousands)
Figure 2 - Population Aged 15 to 19 and 20 to 29 in thousands and their Shares in the Total Working Age Population (15-64), 1990-2024 The source is located after the table
| |
Population 15-19 (in thousands) |
Share of Working-Age Population, 15-19 (percentage) |
Population 20-29 (in thousands) |
Share of Working-Age Population, 20-29 (percentage) |
| 1990 |
1,884 |
10.3% |
4,519 |
24.6% |
| 1991 |
1,880 |
10.1% |
4,441 |
23.9% |
| 1992 |
1,880 |
10.0% |
4,359 |
23.2% |
| 1993 |
1,891 |
10.0% |
4,262 |
22.5% |
| 1994 |
1,913 |
10.0% |
4,161 |
21.7% |
| 1995 |
1,937 |
10.0% |
4,087 |
21.1% |
| 1996 |
1,964 |
10.0% |
4,048 |
20.6% |
| 1997 |
1,982 |
10.0% |
4,033 |
20.3% |
| 1998 |
2,005 |
10.0% |
4,024 |
20.1% |
| 1999 |
2,027 |
10.0% |
4,023 |
19.8% |
| 2000 |
2,047 |
10.0% |
4,044 |
19.7% |
| 2001 |
2,064 |
9.9% |
4,076 |
19.6% |
| 2002 |
2,075 |
9.8% |
4,119 |
19.5% |
| 2003 |
2,079 |
9.8% |
4,164 |
19.5% |
| 2004 |
2,092 |
9.7% |
4,220 |
19.6% |
| 2005 |
2,122 |
9.7% |
4,270 |
19.6% |
| 2006 |
2,152 |
9.7% |
4,320 |
19.6% |
| 2007 |
2,173 |
9.7% |
4,368 |
19.6% |
| 2008 |
2,193 |
9.7% |
4,422 |
19.6% |
| 2009 |
2,198 |
9.6% |
4,486 |
19.7% |
| 2010 |
2,191 |
9.5% |
4,546 |
19.7% |
| 2011 |
2,179 |
9.4% |
4,595 |
19.8% |
| 2012 |
2,154 |
9.2% |
4,665 |
19.9% |
| 2013 |
2,119 |
9.0% |
4,721 |
20.0% |
| 2014 |
2,046 |
8.8% |
4,766 |
20.1% |
| 2015 |
2,035 |
8.6% |
4,797 |
20.2% |
| 2016 |
1,994 |
7.4% |
4,822 |
20.2% |
| 2017 |
1,969 |
8.2% |
4,836 |
20.2% |
| 2018 |
1,955 |
8.1% |
4,837 |
20.1% |
| 2019 |
1,957 |
8.1% |
4,815 |
20.0% |
| 2020 |
1,960 |
8.1% |
4,775 |
19.8% |
| 2021 |
1,980 |
8.2% |
4,724 |
19.5% |
| 2022 |
2,014 |
8.3% |
4,673 |
19.3% |
| 2023 |
2,057 |
8.5% |
4,625 |
19.1% |
| 2024 |
2,096 |
8.6% |
4,587 |
18.9% |
| Average Youth Population |
| 2005-2014 |
6.67 million |
| 2015-2024 |
6.75 million |
Sources: Statistics Canada (historical) and ESDC 2015 COPS projections
Return at position of Figure 2 - Population Aged 15 to 19 and 20 to 29 in thousands and their Shares in the Total Working Age Population (15-64), 1990-2024
Figure 3 - Enrolment Rates by Level of Education (as Percentage of Source Population) 1990-2024 The source is located after the table
| |
College |
Bachelor and First Professional |
Above Bachelor |
| 1990 |
11.5 |
16.1 |
1.1 |
| 1991 |
12.6 |
16.9 |
1.3 |
| 1992 |
13.2 |
17.4 |
1.4 |
| 1993 |
13.4 |
17.5 |
1.4 |
| 1994 |
13.8 |
17.6 |
1.4 |
| 1995 |
14.2 |
17.6 |
1.5 |
| 1996 |
14.5 |
17.6 |
1.5 |
| 1997 |
14.6 |
17.6 |
1.5 |
| 1998 |
14.6 |
17.4 |
1.6 |
| 1999 |
14.7 |
17.6 |
1.8 |
| 2000 |
15.2 |
17.8 |
1.8 |
| 2001 |
15.2 |
18.4 |
1.9 |
| 2002 |
15.2 |
19.3 |
2.1 |
| 2003 |
15.4 |
20.8 |
2.3 |
| 2004 |
15.3 |
21.0 |
2.4 |
| 2005 |
14.7 |
21.3 |
2.4 |
| 2006 |
14.6 |
21.4 |
2.4 |
| 2007 |
14.7 |
21.1 |
2.5 |
| 2008 |
14.5 |
21.4 |
2.6 |
| 2009 |
15.2 |
22.4 |
2.6 |
| 2010 |
15.4 |
23.0 |
2.7 |
| 2011 |
15.3 |
23.5 |
2.8 |
| 2012 |
15.2 |
23.5 |
2.8 |
| 2013 |
15.2 |
23.4 |
2.9 |
| 2014 |
15.2 |
23.2 |
2.9 |
| 2015 |
15.5 |
23.1 |
2.9 |
| 2016 |
15.9 |
23.2 |
3.0 |
| 2017 |
16.2 |
23.4 |
3.0 |
| 2018 |
16.6 |
23.5 |
3.0 |
| 2019 |
17.1 |
23.7 |
3.0 |
| 2020 |
17.7 |
23.9 |
3.1 |
| 2021 |
18.2 |
24.0 |
3.1 |
| 2022 |
18.5 |
24.2 |
3.1 |
| 2023 |
18.9 |
24.3 |
3.2 |
| 2024 |
19.1 |
24.3 |
3.2 |
Sources: Statistics Canada (historical) and ESDC 2015 COPS projections
Return at position of Figure 3 - Enrolment Rates by Level of Education (as Percentage of Source Population) 1990-2024
Figure 4 - Number of Enrolments by Level of Education, 1990-2024 (in thousands) The source is located after the table
| |
College |
Bachelor |
Master's and PhD |
| 1990 |
324 |
452 |
56 |
| 1991 |
349 |
469 |
60 |
| 1992 |
365 |
480 |
64 |
| 1993 |
369 |
482 |
66 |
| 1994 |
378 |
483 |
66 |
| 1995 |
389 |
481 |
65 |
| 1996 |
395 |
482 |
66 |
| 1997 |
399 |
481 |
66 |
| 1998 |
404 |
481 |
69 |
| 1999 |
412 |
494 |
72 |
| 2000 |
429 |
503 |
73 |
| 2001 |
436 |
527 |
77 |
| 2002 |
444 |
562 |
84 |
| 2003 |
453 |
615 |
92 |
| 2004 |
456 |
627 |
98 |
| 2005 |
443 |
642 |
102 |
| 2006 |
443 |
649 |
106 |
| 2007 |
451 |
646 |
112 |
| 2008 |
448 |
663 |
116 |
| 2009 |
471 |
695 |
123 |
| 2010 |
481 |
721 |
129 |
| 2011 |
486 |
744 |
133 |
| 2012 |
490 |
759 |
137 |
| 2013 |
495 |
740 |
141 |
| 2014 |
498 |
736 |
144 |
| 2015 |
504 |
727 |
148 |
| 2016 |
510 |
716 |
151 |
| 2017 |
515 |
722 |
154 |
| 2018 |
521 |
726 |
158 |
| 2019 |
524 |
730 |
161 |
| 2020 |
537 |
734 |
163 |
| 2021 |
545 |
738 |
165 |
| 2022 |
554 |
742 |
167 |
| 2023 |
562 |
748 |
169 |
| 2024 |
571 |
755 |
170 |
Sources: Statistics Canada (historical) and ESDC 2015 COPS projections
Return at position of Figure 4, Number of Enrolments by Level of Education, 1990-2024 (in thousands)
Figure 5 - School Leavers with a College Education, 1990-2024 (in thousands) The source is located after the table
| |
Population 18-24 |
School Leavers with College Degree |
| 1990 |
2,815 |
95 |
| 1991 |
2,777 |
93 |
| 1992 |
2,755 |
94 |
| 1993 |
2,746 |
100 |
| 1994 |
2,742 |
100 |
| 1995 |
2,736 |
112 |
| 1996 |
2,735 |
117 |
| 1997 |
2,734 |
118 |
| 1998 |
2,767 |
121 |
| 1999 |
2,800 |
124 |
| 2000 |
2,832 |
141 |
| 2001 |
2,871 |
142 |
| 2002 |
2,914 |
148 |
| 2003 |
2,953 |
154 |
| 2004 |
2,991 |
154 |
| 2005 |
3,018 |
149 |
| 2006 |
3,032 |
150 |
| 2007 |
3,061 |
150 |
| 2008 |
3,096 |
151 |
| 2009 |
3,103 |
160 |
| 2010 |
3,136 |
164 |
| 2011 |
3,173 |
170 |
| 2012 |
3,231 |
172 |
| 2013 |
3,256 |
162 |
| 2014 |
3,264 |
162 |
| 2015 |
3,247 |
165 |
| 2016 |
3,215 |
168 |
| 2017 |
3,175 |
169 |
| 2018 |
3,136 |
169 |
| 2019 |
3,090 |
170 |
| 2020 |
3,042 |
171 |
| 2021 |
3,003 |
174 |
| 2022 |
2,987 |
176 |
| 2023 |
2,982 |
179 |
| 2024 |
2,995 |
183 |
Sources: Statistics Canada (historical) and ESDC 2015 COPS projections
Return at position of Figure 5, School Leavers with a College Education, 1990-2024 (in thousands)
Figure 6 - School Leavers with a University Education, 1990-2024 (in thousands)The source is located after the table
| |
Population 18-34 |
School Leavers with University Education |
| 1990 |
7,750 |
116 |
| 1991 |
7,704 |
120 |
| 1992 |
7,646 |
127 |
| 1993 |
7,570 |
130 |
| 1994 |
7,494 |
134 |
| 1995 |
7,416 |
134 |
| 1996 |
7,338 |
133 |
| 1997 |
7,243 |
129 |
| 1998 |
7,163 |
126 |
| 1999 |
7,085 |
128 |
| 2000 |
7,054 |
128 |
| 2001 |
7,073 |
124 |
| 2002 |
7,119 |
127 |
| 2003 |
7,154 |
133 |
| 2004 |
7,198 |
141 |
| 2005 |
7,237 |
141 |
| 2006 |
7,274 |
147 |
| 2007 |
7,351 |
158 |
| 2008 |
7,458 |
150 |
| 2009 |
7,554 |
156 |
| 2010 |
7,659 |
153 |
| 2011 |
7,754 |
156 |
| 2012 |
7,474 |
161 |
| 2013 |
7,970 |
176 |
| 2014 |
8,052 |
183 |
| 2015 |
8,087 |
190 |
| 2016 |
8,101 |
194 |
| 2017 |
8,106 |
194 |
| 2018 |
8,103 |
195 |
| 2019 |
8,088 |
197 |
| 2020 |
8,068 |
197 |
| 2021 |
8,047 |
198 |
| 2022 |
8,041 |
199 |
| 2023 |
8,035 |
199 |
| 2024 |
8,026 |
199 |
Sources: Statistics Canada (historical) and ESDC 2015 COPS projections
Return at position of Figure 6 - School Leavers with a University Education, 1990-2024 (in thousands)
Figure 7 - School Leavers with High School Diploma and High School Dropouts 1990-2024 (in thousands)The source is located after the table
| |
School Leavers with Some High School Education |
School Leavers with Secondary and Some Post-secondary Education |
Population 15-19 |
| 1990 |
60.2 |
81.2 |
1,884 |
| 1991 |
58.3 |
83.1 |
1,880 |
| 1992 |
49.4 |
85.7 |
1,880 |
| 1993 |
48.4 |
85.4 |
1,891 |
| 1994 |
46.8 |
92.4 |
1,913 |
| 1995 |
40.9 |
97.4 |
1,937 |
| 1996 |
39.4 |
95.9 |
1,964 |
| 1997 |
40.6 |
95.5 |
1,982 |
| 1998 |
41.5 |
97.3 |
2,005 |
| 1999 |
41.2 |
98.4 |
2,027 |
| 2000 |
40.5 |
100.0 |
2,047 |
| 2001 |
40.3 |
101.1 |
2,064 |
| 2002 |
45.4 |
104.1 |
2,075 |
| 2003 |
51.1 |
108.9 |
2,079 |
| 2004 |
51.4 |
102.5 |
2,092 |
| 2005 |
46.0 |
101.7 |
2,122 |
| 2006 |
49.0 |
99.9 |
2,152 |
| 2007 |
50.5 |
101.2 |
2,173 |
| 2008 |
49.4 |
105.3 |
2,193 |
| 2009 |
42.7 |
108.5 |
2,198 |
| 2010 |
40.2 |
109.6 |
2,191 |
| 2011 |
38.6 |
110.2 |
2,179 |
| 2012 |
39.6 |
109.2 |
2,154 |
| 2013 |
32.0 |
108.5 |
2,119 |
| 2014 |
34.5 |
103.6 |
2,076 |
| 2015 |
32.5 |
103.7 |
2,035 |
| 2016 |
29.9 |
103.7 |
1,994 |
| 2017 |
28.7 |
104.0 |
1,969 |
| 2018 |
27.4 |
104.4 |
1,955 |
| 2019 |
26.1 |
105.0 |
1,957 |
| 2020 |
25.7 |
105.9 |
1,960 |
| 2021 |
26.1 |
107.1 |
1,980 |
| 2022 |
26.5 |
108.3 |
2,014 |
| 2023 |
27.0 |
109.6 |
2,057 |
| 2024 |
28.4 |
111.4 |
2,096 |
Sources: Statistics Canada (historical) and ESDC 2015 COPS projections
Return at position of Figure 7, School Leavers with High School Diploma and High School Dropouts 1990-2024 (in thousands)
Figure 8 - Historical and Projected Distribution of School Leavers by Education Level (in percentage) The source is located after the table
| |
Less than High School |
High school or some PSE |
College |
University |
| 1995-2004 |
10.6% |
24.6% |
32.7% |
32.0% |
| 2005-2014 |
9.1% |
22.7% |
34.2% |
34.0% |
| 2015-2024 |
5.5% |
21.1% |
34.3% |
39.0% |
Sources: Statistics Canada (historical) and ESDC 2015 COPS projections
Return at position of Figure 8, Historical and Projected Distribution of School Leavers by Education Level (in percentage)
Figure 9 - Share of the Labour Force (15+) with a Post-secondary Education, 1990-2024 The source is located after the table
| |
share of the labour force (15+) with a PSE (%) |
| 1990 |
40% |
| 1991 |
40% |
| 1992 |
42% |
| 1993 |
44% |
| 1994 |
46% |
| 1995 |
47% |
| 1996 |
48% |
| 1997 |
50% |
| 1998 |
51% |
| 1999 |
51% |
| 2000 |
51% |
| 2001 |
53% |
| 2002 |
53% |
| 2003 |
54% |
| 2004 |
54% |
| 2005 |
56% |
| 2006 |
57% |
| 2007 |
57% |
| 2008 |
58% |
| 2009 |
59% |
| 2010 |
60% |
| 2011 |
60% |
| 2012 |
61% |
| 2013 |
62% |
| 2014 |
62% |
| 2015 |
62% |
| 2016 |
63% |
| 2017 |
63% |
| 2018 |
64% |
| 2019 |
64% |
| 2020 |
64% |
| 2021 |
65% |
| 2022 |
65% |
| 2023 |
65% |
| 2024 |
65% |
Sources: Statistics Canada (historical) and ESDC 2015 COPS projections
Return at position of Figure 9, Share of the Labour Force (15+) with a Post-secondary Education, 1990-2024
Figure 10 - Historical and Projected Distribution of School Leavers by Skill Level (in percentage) The source is located after the table
| |
Occupations where on-the job training is usually provided |
Occupations usually require secondary school and/or occupation-specific training |
Occupations usually require college education or apprenticeship training |
Occupations usually require university education |
Management occupations |
| 1995-2004 |
16.0% |
30.3% |
28.5% |
19.0% |
6.1% |
| 2005-2014 |
15.8% |
29.4% |
30.6% |
19.6% |
4.6% |
| 2015-2024 |
14.9% |
28.2% |
32.1% |
20.8% |
4.0% |
Sources: Statistics Canada (historical) and ESDC 2015 COPS projections
Return at position of Figure 10, Historical and Projected Distribution of School Leavers by Skill Level (in percentage)
Figure 11 - Projected Distribution of School Leavers by Education Level (in percentage) The source is located after the table
| |
Less than High School |
High School or Some PSE |
College |
University |
| 2015-2024 |
5.5% |
21.15 |
34.3% |
39.0% |
Sources: Statistics Canada (historical) and ESDC 2015 COPS projections
Return at position of Figure 11, Projected Distribution of School Leavers by Education Level (in percentage)
Figure 12 - Annual Immigration Levels (in thousands) and Rates, 1996-2024 The source is located after the table
| |
Immigration |
Immigration Rate |
| 1996 |
217,478 |
0.74% |
| 1997 |
224,857 |
0.76% |
| 1998 |
194,459 |
0.65% |
| 1999 |
173,194 |
0.57% |
| 2000 |
205,710 |
0.68% |
| 2001 |
252,530 |
0.82% |
| 2002 |
256,405 |
0.83% |
| 2003 |
199,170 |
0.64% |
| 2004 |
239,083 |
0.76% |
| 2005 |
244,578 |
0.77% |
| 2006 |
254,374 |
0.79% |
| 2007 |
238,125 |
0.73% |
| 2008 |
249,622 |
0.76% |
| 2009 |
245,289 |
0.74% |
| 2010 |
270,581 |
0.80% |
| 2011 |
259,106 |
0.76% |
| 2012 |
260,115 |
0.76% |
| 2013 |
263,000 |
0.76% |
| 2014 |
268,000 |
0.76% |
| 2015 |
267,000 |
0.75% |
| 2016 |
271,000 |
0.75% |
| 2017 |
274,000 |
0.76% |
| 2018 |
277,000 |
0.76% |
| 2019 |
282,000 |
0.76% |
| 2020 |
284,000 |
0.76% |
| 2021 |
287,000 |
0.76% |
| 2022 |
290,000 |
0.76% |
| 2023 |
293,000 |
0.76% |
| 2024 |
296,000 |
0.76% |
Sources: Statistics Canada (historical) and ESDC 2015 COPS projections
Return at position of Figure 12, Annual Immigration Levels (in thousands) and Rates, 1996-2024
Figure 13 - Population Growth by Component, Annual Averages Over: 1995-2004, 2005-2014 and 2015-2024 (in thousands) The source is located after the table
| |
Natural Increase - Average |
Natural Increase - Percentage |
Net immigration - Average |
Net immigration - Percentage |
| 1995-2004 |
127,437 |
40.3% |
189,126 |
59.7% |
| 2005-2014 |
130,437 |
36.0% |
232,293 |
64.0% |
| 2015-2024 |
127,630 |
37.1% |
216,030 |
62.9% |
Sources: Statistics Canada (historical) and ESDC 2015 COPS projections
Return at position of Figure 13, Population Growth by Component, averages over: 1995-2004, 2005-2014 and 2015-2024 (in thousands)
Figure 14 - Contribution of New Immigrants and Domestic Supply to Total Labour Force Growth: Averages Over 1995-2004, 2005-2014 and 2015-2024 The source is located after the table
| Level (in thousands) |
1995-2004 |
2005-2014 |
2015-2024 |
| New Immigrants |
87,878 |
111,258 |
123,606 |
| Labour Force (less new immigrants) |
169,649 |
85,634 |
8,987 |
| Percentage |
1995-2004 |
2005-2014 |
2015-2024 |
| New Immigrants |
34.1% |
56.5% |
93.2% |
| Labour Force (less new immigrants) |
65.9% |
43.5% |
6.8% |
Sources: Statistics Canada (historical) and ESDC 2015 COPS projections
Return at position of Figure 14, Contribution of New Immigrants and Domestic Supply to Total Labour Force Growth: Averages Over 1995-2004, 2005-2014 and 2015-2024 (in thousands)
Figure 15 - Projected Number of People Moving Between Skill Levels, in Thousands and As a Percentage Share of Base-year Employment for Each Skill Level (2015-2024) The source is located after the table
| |
thousands |
percentage |
| Management |
359.5 |
22.1% |
| Skill Level A |
21.6 |
0.6% |
| Skill Level B |
133.1 |
2.2% |
| Skill Level C |
-190.2 |
-3.9% |
| Skill Level D |
-324.0 |
-16.5% |
Sources: Statistics Canada (historical) and ESDC 2015 COPS projections
Return at position of Figure 15, Projected Number of People Moving Between Skill Levels, in Thousands and As a Percentage Share of Base-year Employment for Each Skill Level (2015-2024)
Figure 16 - Sources of New Job Seekers: Totals Over 1995-2004, 2005-2014 and 2015-2024 (in thousands) The source is located after the table
| |
1995-2004 |
2005-2014 |
2015-2024 |
| School leavers |
4,067,568 |
4,650,060 |
5,026,066 |
| Immigrants |
878,776 |
1,112,556 |
1,236,062 |
| Other |
207,174 |
-432,678 |
-437,466 |
Sources: Statistics Canada (historical) and ESDC 2015 COPS projections
Return at position of Figure 16, Sources of New Job Seekers: Totals Over 1995-2004, 2005-2014 and 2015-2024 (in thousands)
Figure 17 - Job Seekers by Skill Level, 2015-2024 (in thousands) The source is located after the table
| |
School Leavers |
Immigrants |
Mobility |
Others |
Job seekers (%) |
| Management |
200,007 |
93,170 |
359,528 |
-30,431 |
10.7% |
| Skill Level A |
1,046,430 |
246,735 |
21,574 |
-78,492 |
21.2% |
| Skill Level B |
1,613,190 |
347,190 |
133,063 |
-143,014 |
33.5% |
| Skill Level C |
1,419,385 |
355,357 |
-190,189 |
-123,860 |
25.1% |
| Skill Level D |
747,055 |
193,610 |
-323,976 |
-61,669 |
9.55% |
Sources: Statistics Canada (historical) and ESDC 2015 COPS projections
Return at position of Figure 17, Job Seekers by Skill Level, 2015-2024 (in thousands)